French

Here are some essential tips and concepts related to French grammar.

• French nouns are gendered, meaning they are either masculine (le) or feminine (la).
• The definite articles are le (masculine), la (feminine), and les (plural).
• There's also the indefinite articles: un (masculine) and une (feminine).

• French verbs are conjugated according to the subject pronoun
  
  • je
  • tu
  • il/elle/iel/on
  • nous
  • vous
  • ils/elles/iels
• There are three main groups of regular verbs:
  • -er (e.g., parler)
  • -ir (e.g., finir)
  • -re (e.g., vendre)
• Each group has its own set of conjugation endings.

• As you learned with s'appeler, reflexive verbs use a reflexive pronoun that matches the subject.
• Common reflexive verbs include se lever (to get up) and s'habiller (to get dressed).

• Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
• For example,
  a masculine singular noun uses a masculine adjective
  (e.g., un livre intéressant),
  while a feminine singular noun uses a feminine adjective
  (e.g., une robe intéressante).

• The basic structure for negating a sentence in French is to use ne before the verb and pas after the verb
  (e.g., Je ne mange pas. means “l do not eat.”).
• In spoken French, the ne is often dropped, especially in casual conversation
  (e.g., Je mange pas).

• The subjunctive mood expresses doubt, necessity, or a wish.
• It is used after certain conjunctions and verbs to indicate uncertainty
  (e.g., Il faut que tu viennes - “lt is necessary that you come.”).

• Prepositions can significantly change the meaning of a sentence.
• Common prepositions include à (to), de (of), avec (with), pour (for), and sans (without).

• Questions can be formed by:
  • Inversion
    (e.g., Avez-vous un livre ? “Do you have a book?”)
  • Using est-ce que before a statement
    (e.g., Est-ce que vous avez un livre ?)
  • Simply raising your intonation at the end of a statement (more informal).

• French uses subject pronouns (je, tu, il/elle, etc.) but often drops them in informal contexts.
• Object pronouns (le, la, les, lui, leur) must agree in gender and number with the nouns they replace.

• One of the best ways to grasp French grammar is through practice, whether speaking, writing, or listening.
• Engage with French media (films, music, books) to help reinforce grammatical structures in context.

These tips should give you a solid foundation to continue exploring French grammar.
Practice makes perfect, so don't hesitate to seek out exercises or conversations to apply what you learn!